航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (9): 27469-027469   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27469

面向电动航空的高温超导电机技术研究发展

宋东彬1, 闫炬壮1, 杨文将1,2(), 白明亮1, 刘汝婧3, 王少鹏1, 刘宇1, 田爱梅1   

  1. 1.北京航空航天大学 宇航学院,北京 100191
    2.北京航空航天大学 宁波创新研究院,宁波 315800
    3.北京航天仪器控制研究所,北京 100854
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-19 修回日期:2022-06-02 接受日期:2022-07-04 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2022-07-08
  • 通讯作者: 杨文将 E-mail:yangwjbuaa@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11772025)

Technology development of high temperature superconducting machine for electric aviation

Dongbin SONG1, Juzhuang YAN1, Wenjiang YANG1,2(), Mingliang BAI1, Rujing LIU3, Shaopeng WANG1, Yu LIU1, Aimei TIAN1   

  1. 1.School of Astronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    2.Ningbo Institute of Technology,Beihang University,Ningbo 315800,China
    3.Beijing Institute of Aerospace Control Devices,Beijing 100854,China
  • Received:2022-05-19 Revised:2022-06-02 Accepted:2022-07-04 Online:2023-05-15 Published:2022-07-08
  • Contact: Wenjiang YANG E-mail:yangwjbuaa@buaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(11772025)

摘要:

超导电机因体积小、功率密度高和效率高等优势,在航空电推进中展现出重大的应用前景。对比分析了纯电力超导电动系统和混合动力超导电动系统的方案特点,突出超导电机对于大功率航空电推进的重要性。针对航空电推进超导电动系统对电动机和发电机的不同需求,对过去研究的高温超导样机的运行原理及结构拓扑进行归类综述,并总结分析了各自利弊。在此基础上,从超导技术、电枢绕组技术、转子技术、低温技术和绝缘技术这5方面对超导电机本体关键技术分别进行回顾总结。最后,梳理了当前超导电机在航空电推进中应用的研究进展,并对未来超导电动航空发展进行了展望。

关键词: 航空电推进, 超导电动系统, 超导电机, 直流超导磁体, 交流超导电枢, 超导转子技术, 低温技术, 绝缘技术, 新兴航空

Abstract:

The superconducting machine has prospects of a wide range of applications in aviation electric propulsion due to its advantages such as small size, high power density, and high efficiency. The characteristics and current situation of the superconducting pure/hybrid electric drive systems are compared, showing the importance of the superconducting machine for high power aviation electric propulsion. In view of different requirements for motors and generators for the superconducting electric drive system for high power aviation electric propulsion, the operating principles and structural topologies of those prototypes of High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) machines studied in the past are reviewed and classified, and the advantages and disadvantages are summarized and analyzed. On this basis, the key technologies of superconducting machine are outlined in terms of superconducting technology, AC superconducting armature, rotor technology, cryogenic technology and insulation technology. Under the background of aviation electrification, the progress in the application of superconducting electric drive system in aviation electric propulsion is outlined, and future development of superconducting electric aviation is also discussed.

Key words: aviation electric propulsion, superconducting electric drive system, superconducting machine, DC superconducting magnet, AC superconducting armature, superconducting rotor technology, cryogenic technology, insulation technology, emerging aviation

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